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DVI-I - DVI-D - DVI-A Differences Differences between DVI-I - DVI-D - DVI-A connector types DVI connectors come in three types: DVI-D (digital) DVI-I (integrated; analog and digital) DVI-A (analog) DVI-I and DVI-D connectors have different data rates, also known as single-link or dual-link. Each link type has a maximum allowed data rate that ensures the data is not corrupted when transferred from the graphics card to a monitor. DVI uses Transition Minimized Differential Signalling (TMDS) to transmit data over a single twisted wire pair. A single-link DVI connector consists of four TMDS links. Three of the four links link to the red, green, and blue RGB video signals, while the fourth is the clock control channel. Single-link connectors operate up to 165MHz and offer 1.65Gbps of bandwidth and can support resolutions up to 1920×1200 at a refresh rate of 60Hz. Dual-link connections double the number of RGB TMDS pairs – exclusive of the clock pair, thereby enabling up to 2Gbps of bandwidth. They can also support higher resolutions up to 2560×1600 at a refresh rate of 60Hz. Dual-link connectors are fully backward compatible with single-link operation unless a display mode uses more than 165MHz pixel clock frequency or 24 bits per pixel. While a single-link connector cannot support dual-link connections at any time, so dual-link connections are preferable. DVI connection pins are comprised of an 8×3 rectangle pinout supporting TMDS, DDC, analog vertical sync, power, hot-plug detection, and ground signals. So there is: ​ Pins 1-24 4 analog pins for RGB and horizontal sync C1-C4 Long flat pin for analog ground C5 DVI-A connectors have 17 (12+5) pins, they do not have a dual-link option and only carry analog signals. These signals are equal to VGA signals but are presented as an altered configuration. So, a VGA to DVI adapter is necessary to connect a VGA video card to a DVI-A monitor or a DVI-A video card to a VGA monitor. Due to VGA being the dominant connector for analog monitors and DVI as a standard for digital signals for many years DVI-A connectors are rare, while DVI-I and DVI-D connectors are common. DVI-A cables will work with both DVI-A and DVI-I connectors. Male DVI-D cables may fit in a female DVI-A connector but will not work as they do not carry any analog signals. DVI-D connectors transfer digital video signals. There are two types: Single-link DVI-D connectors have 19 pins (18+1) Dual-link DVI-D connectors have 25 pins (24+1). DVI-D cables will work with both DVI-D and DVI-I connectors. HDMI and DisplayPort connectors will also support DVI-D video signals using an adapter, but DVI-D cannot support the supplementary features that HDMI and DisplayPort have, like: Integrated audio CEC control Most digital monitors will have a DVI-D connector, while monitors that support digital and analog signals usually have a DVI-D with a VGA connector. DVI-I single-link connectors have 23 pins (18+5) Dual-link connectors have 29 pins (24+5). DVI-I connectors will not convert analog and digital signals but will accept a digital or analog signal, but not at the same time. If a video card, monitor and cable all have DVI-I connections with the ability to support both analog and digital signals, one mode of operation must be selected. DVI-I connectors will work with all DVI cable types. But a male DVI-I cable will not connect to a female DVI-D connector owing to the additional analog pins. ​ ​ DVI Pins DVI Pins HDMI Pins HDMI Pins Display Port Pins VGA Port Pins Display Port Pins VGA Female DE15 socket - Port Pin This image displays and tables a 15-pin VESA DDC2/E-DDC connector, the diagram’s pin numbering is a female connector that functions as the graphics adapter output. While the male connector numbering corresponds with the cable's wire-and-solder side.

Transistors トランジスタは、電子信号の切り替え、増幅、または電力に使用される半導体デバイスです。トランジスタは、現代の電子回路の基本です。トランジスタは半導体材料で構成されており、通常、外部回路に接続するための3つの端子があります。トランジスタの端子の1つのペアに印加される電圧または電流は、別のペアの端子を流れる電流を制御します。制御（出力）電力は制御（入力）電力よりも高くなる可能性があるため、トランジスタは信号を増幅できます。現在、一部のトランジスタは個別にパッケージ化されていますが、さらに多くのトランジスタが集積回路に組み込まれています。 バイポーラ接合トランジスタの記号 トランジスタには、NPNとPNPの2種類があります。 NPNトランジスタには、2ブロックのN型半導体材料と1ブロックのP型半導体材料があります。 PNPトランジスタには、2つのP型と1つのN型材料の層があります。 NPNとPNPの両方のNPNの記号を次の図に示します。 NPNトランジスタとPNPトランジスタの違いは、電流の方向にあります。上の図の矢印は、エミッタ-ベース接合に順方向バイアスが適用された状態でのエミッタ内の一般的な電流の流れの方向を示しています。 トランジスタには、上記のように3つの端子があります。 エミッター コレクタ ベース エミッター- エミッターセグメントは、電荷キャリアの大部分を供給します。エミッタは常にベースに対して順方向にバイアスされて接続されており、バルク電荷キャリアをベースに供給します。エミッタ-ベース接合は、固定が強く、サイズが中程度であるため、大量の多数電荷キャリアをベースに挿入します。 コレクター– コレクターは、エミッターによって供給される電荷​​キャリアの大部分を蓄積します。コレクタ-ベース接合は常に逆バイアスになっています。その機能は、ベースとの接合部から優勢な電荷を取り除くことです。トランジスタのコレクタセグメントは適度に固定されていますが、エミッタによって供給される電荷​​キャリアの大部分を収集できるように質量が大きくなっています。 ベース– トランジスタの中央部分がベースです。ベースは2つの回路を形成します： エミッタ付きの入力回路。 コレクター付きの出力回路。 エミッタベース回路は順方向にバイアスされており、回路への抵抗が低くなっています。一方、コレクタ-ベース接合は逆バイアスであり、回路に対してより高い抵抗を提供します。トランジスタのベースは、大部分の電荷キャリアをベースに送るため、わずかに無容量で非常に薄いです。 シリコンは一般に、高電圧定格、大電流、低温度感度のトランジスタを作るために使用されます。順方向にバイアスされたままのエミッタ-ベースセクションは、ベース領域を流れるベース電流を確立します。ベース電流の大きさは非常に小さいです。ベース電流により、電子はコレクタ領域に移動するか、ベース領域にホールが作成されます。 トランジスタのベースは非常に薄く、軽く固定されているため、エミッタに比べて電子が少なくなっています。エミッタの制限された電子はベース領域の正孔と結合し、残りの電子はコレクタ領域に向かって移動し、コレクタ電流を構成します。

Long exposure landscape photography I will discuss the practical aspects of long exposure landscape photography later, but first, we need to consider other key factors in getting quality long exposure photographs. Location is the key The first step in creating stunning long exposure images is choosing the correct landscape, one that is conducive to this kind of photography. Long exposures are ideal for conveying movement, but it can also be used to blur unwanted movement, removing the ripples or waves on a lake or sea scene can give a surreal feel. While showing a river, a waterfall, waves crashing onto a beach, or stormy passing clouds can depict movement and drama. Once a location has been identified, consider the time of day. The golden hour is undoubtedly the best time, and it happens twice a day. The golden hour is the short window of time right after sunrise and again right before sunset, when the air is filled with a flattering golden hue that is perfect for photographing everything from landscapes to portraits. During this time, the sun is low in the sky and more diffuse (and redder) than normal thanks to being filtered for a greater distance through the atmosphere. At golden hour, you will not find the harsh shadows seen at high noon. Because the sun is so low on the horizon, the light is directional, creating long, and soft shadows giving dimension to photographs. That soft dimensional light can be used to achieve creative effects that are not possible at other times of the day. So, when does the golden hour occur? It varies depending on the location, the time of year, and weather conditions. Apps, like PlanIt, can help determine sunrise, sunset times, the direction of the sunrise and sunset, and the optimum golden hour times. A general rule of thumb is that the golden hour is about an hour after sunrise and an hour before sunset. Subject matter Consider ways that can be incorporated into the frame, like static objects, a boulder or two, a tree, jetty, or island in a lake, icebergs, or a wreck on a beach. Walkabout looking for interesting subjects that might provide a focal point. Shoot in RAW ​RAW is a file format like jpeg, but unlike jpeg, it captures all the image data recorded by the camera’s sensor rather than compressing it. Shooting in RAW provides higher quality images but also allows for more control in post-processing. For instance, correcting underexposure problems or adjusting aspects like colour temperature, white balance, or contrast. ​However, one negative aspect of shooting in RAW is that the files take up more space, so I advise using larger SD or Micro SD Cards. Furthermore, RAW photos need some sort of post-processing, so photo editing software is essential. Set the cameras White Balance If the camera is set to Auto White Balance, it will compensate for all the beautiful warm tones you are there specifically for. Auto White Balance makes images bluer than required for the golden hour. In RAW, it is easy to adjust the white balance in post, nevertheless, it is still a good idea to manually set the white balance to get a better idea of what the scene is meant to look like. For beginners, a good initial point for beginners is setting it to shade or cloudy to help get the required golden hues. Aperture Priority mode Aperture Priority mode allows you to choose your aperture and the camera will automatically determine the best shutter speed. Set the ISO of the camera to 100 or lower if possible and let the camera decide the shutter speed. ISO determines the sensitivity of the camera sensor to light, so using the lowest value means that the sensor is minimally sensitive. Additionally, using the lowest ISO can minimize digital noise or grain in the shot. The less noise, the higher the image quality will be. Of course, a sturdy tripod is essential, and an external shutter release device or set the camera to a 2 or 5-second shutter delay to prevent camera shake. Post-processing Shooting in RAW will undoubtedly require some post-processing to enhance the look and feel of any long exposure landscape image. First consider increasing the blue primary in Lightroom or Photoshop as this will increase the vibrance of any rocks, boulders, tree trunks, etc. Then, think about enhancing colours by boosting saturation or vibrancy. Adjust the levels and curves to create an image with a more robust dynamic range. If you find areas of the shot are too bright or too dark, try your hand at dodging and burning to create a more well-exposed image throughout. ​ However, post-processing is all about personal preference and one’s own creative perspective on photography as it is to compose the shot taken on location. Always make small adjustments that you feel are necessary to create the image desired and keep the master copy unaltered and safe.

Qâf Scale Models Gozo QâfModelsは、モデルを紹介し、モデルを構築および変更する方法を示すように設計されています。それは私の写真や画像のためのプラットフォームでもあります。 モデルキットビルドの変更、電子回路、およびそれらのコンポーネントに関するヒント。 エアブラシ、機器、ケアに関するヒント。 エアブラシとハンドペイント、プライマー、ワニスについての議論。 Discussions and ad vice on using airbrushes, hand painting, types and use of primers, and varnishes. ​ Provide a platform to help each other. ​ Forum for discussions, advice, and support on all aspects of scale modeling, painting, and modifications. ​ Provide a platform for my other hobbies and interests.

Installing Wine to Linux Mint Steps to install and run Wine 6 on Linux Mint 64-bit system. ​ Step 1: Update System ​ ​ Before installing programs, it is good practice to update the system. This is done using the command line using these steps: Type at the command line and then press ‘ ENTER ’ after each line typed: ​ $ lscpu ​ To check what system, you are running the command below will list what CPU is in use. To install Wine on a 64-bit Mint system, type the following command in Terminal: ​ $ sudo apt install wine64 or $ sudo apt install wine32 for a 32-bit system To agree to the installation prompt: Type ‘ y ’ and then press ‘ ENTER ’. ​ $ wine --version ​ Once the installation of Wine is completed, you can verify it using the following command in Terminal: The above command can be used to check the installed version of Wine.

Greece

Programming Editing Software What is programming editing software? They are a computer program that edits plain text and called text editors. Text editing software is incorporated with operating systems and software development packages, they are used to write or modify configuration files, documentation files, and programming language source code. ​ Here are some of the programming editing programs I use: Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to create and change any kind of text very efficiently. It is included as ‘vi’ with most UNIX systems and Apple OS X. Vim is rock stable and is continuously being developed into a better text editor. ​ Features: Persistent, multi-level undo tree. Extensive plugin systems. Support for a myriad of programming languages and file formats. Powerful search and replace abilities. Integrates well with many tools. Notepad++ is a popular free-to-use code editor written in C++. It uses pure win32 API which offers a larger execution speed and small program size. It only runs in the MS Window's environment but uses a GPL License. ​ Features: This text editor supports syntax highlighting for languages like PHP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Auto-completion: Word completion, Function completion. Macro recording and playback. User-defined Syntax highlighting and folding. Customizable GUI. Multi-view and Multi-Language support. Visual Studio Code is an open-source (Free) code editing software developed by Microsoft. This free text editor offers built-in support for TypeScript, JavaScript, and Node.js. It is autocompleted with IntelliSense features provides smart completions based on variable types, essential modules, and function definitions. ​ Platforms: Mac, Windows, Linux. ​ Features: Easy working with Git and other SCM (Software Configuration Management) providers. Code refactoring & debugging. Easily extensible and customizable. Brackets is a free lightweight tool developed by Adobe. It allows you to toggle between your source code and the browser view. ​ Platform: Mac, Windows, Linux ​ Features: Quick Edit UI feature puts context-specific code and tools inline. Offers live preview, pre-processor support, and inline editors. Pleasant-looking User Interface (UI). A specifically developed tool for macOS Comes with the inbuilt extension manager. Dreamweaver is an Adobe software editor that allows users to create, code, and manage dynamic websites easily. Users can build responsive websites that adapt to fit any screen size, whether it is on a computer or handheld device. You can preview your websites and edit in real-time to ensure your pages look and work the way you want before you publish. It provides access code hints so users can quickly learn and edit HTML, CSS, and other web standards, and it uses visual aids to reduce errors and speed up site development. I have been using Dreamweaver for countless years and have found it to be a reliable robust editor. But it is expensive and out of reach for many non-professional users.

蘭 蘭は独特のオーラを持っており、世界各地から生まれています。蘭は色、形、サイズ、香りが非常に多様ですが、すべてが心地よい香りを持っているわけではありません。それらは熱帯、温帯で成長し、いくつかは氷点下の状態で成長します。 多くの人が蘭を育てて開花させるのは難しいと考えています。実際には、ほとんどのランは成長しやすく、開花しやすいですが、すべての惑星で正しい条件が必要です。多くは事実上破壊不可能であり、いくつかの基本的なヒントでほとんどの人は蘭を育てることができるので、彼らは繁栄するだけでなく開花します。 蘭は独特のオーラを持っており、世界各地から生まれています。蘭は色、形、サイズ、香りが非常に多様ですが、すべてが心地よい香りを持っているわけではありません。それらは熱帯、温帯で成長し、いくつかは氷点下の状態で成長します。 多くの人が蘭を育てて開花させるのは難しいと考えています。実際には、ほとんどのランは成長しやすく、開花しやすいですが、すべての惑星で正しい条件が必要です。多くは事実上破壊不可能であり、いくつかの基本的なヒントでほとんどの人は蘭を育てることができるので、彼らは繁栄するだけでなく開花します。 成長するのが最も簡単な種類の蘭の中には： 胡蝶蘭（発音-Fal-en-op-sis） デンドロビウム（発音– Den-droh-bee-um） カトレア（発音-Kat-lee-ya）。 シンビジウム（発音-Sim-bid-ee-um） セロジネ（発音-See-loj-in-ee）、セロジネアルバは素晴らしい香りがします。 多様性 私たちの惑星には35,000種以上のランが生息していますが、人間はこれらの種を交配させて200,000種以上の交配種を作り出しています。多くは魅力的な花のために栽培されていますが、バニラ蘭の種莢は人気のある風味を提供します。 ほとんどの植物とは異なり、ランは空中で成長することができます。それらの根は木や岩に付着し、そこで水分や栄養分を取り込むことができます。 古代の血統 証拠によると、ランは恐竜が惑星を歩き回ったとき、約1億2000万年前に発生し、多くは花を受粉させるために特定の種類の昆虫や鳥と関係があります。 ランは、大きく、多様で、ユニークな植物の家族です。ランまたはラン科は、上目Liliifloraeの単子葉植物の顕花植物です。 単子葉植物はおそらく地球上で最も重要な植物であり、米、トウモロコシ、小麦、大麦などの4つの最も重要な食品に由来します。 竹やヤシなどの他のものは多くの国で建築材料の主要な供給源であり、サトウキビ、パイナップル、ナツメヤシ、バナナは単子葉植物から来ています。 ラン科には他のどの植物科よりも多くの種が含まれています-一部の植物学者は 約25,000から35,000種を含む家族。 ランはさまざまな色や形で咲き、次のようなさまざまな生息地に生息しています。 直射日光、日陰、涼しい気候と寒い気候に住む 岩や木に登る 地面で成長する 蘭のもう1つの特徴は、次のようないくつかの特徴的な機能があることです。 雌しべ（女性の部分） おしべ（男性部分） ランは、モノポディアルランとシンポディアルランの2つの主要な形態で特徴的に提供されます。 単脚 ランには、無期限に成長する茎があります。このタイプのランの葉は常に 茎の端から 成長 し、単脚ランはしばしば茎に沿って気根を生成します。 単脚 ランには偽鱗茎がなく、植物の冠から新しい成長を生み出し、根は特に不定である可能性があります。特にバンダスなどの種では、茎に沿って一定の間隔で気根を持つことは珍しいことではありません。 花の穂、または花序は、茎の端からではなく、茎の側面から成長します。 人気のある単脚蘭は次のとおりです。 バンダ 胡蝶蘭 シンポディアル ランは 、偽鱗茎として知られる 一連の新芽または球根状の茎を持つことによって分類され ます。偽鱗茎はその前のものの基部から上昇し、各偽鱗茎の 成長は限られています。根は通常、偽鱗茎の基部から、または根茎に沿って形成されます。 シンポディアルランの花の穂は、偽鱗茎の根元から、あるいは根茎からさえも上昇します。 熱帯の蘭はしばしばシンポディアルであり、人気のあるシンポディアルランは次のとおりです。 カトレア デンドロビウム オンシジューム コウトウシラン シンポディアル ランには、根茎で成長する偽鱗茎があります。これらは、電球が互いに取り付けられているように見えるほど短く見える場合もあれば、電球の間に数インチを置くのに十分な長さの場合もあります。横方向の成長パターンが大きいため、これらのランを定期的に植え替える必要があります。

Finland Ylläs, Finland, well what can I say. If it is good skiing you want, it is not the best location to consider. I skied one day in two weeks if you can call it skiing. I eagerly made my way to the first slope in a thirty mile an hour wind and a blistering -42° (without the wind-chill) that froze my eyelids, I got off the lift and…waited, waited, and waited. At least a forty-degree incline and I was still stuck to the snow like glue to wood and ended up poling myself down the slope and worked up a greater sweat than running a marathon. Needed a drink after that run, not tea or coffee either. Meanwhile, my two mates were skiing one of the other three slopes. There are more than four runs, but most were closed because of the high winds. However, I can recommend the scenery, hospitality, husky safaris, and ski bike tours. Make sure you shop around as prices vary considerably. I managed to get a husky ski bike tour to a husky site and then a husky safari for the afternoon. We left at 1030 hours and arrived back about 1900 hours, so a full day for less than other companies was charging for a four-hour husky ride. The food was fantastic, if expensive, but once your there they have you, so you must cough up or stay in your accommodation all evening. Pete and I eat out every evening, but Chris tended to eat in. There is a nice supermarket, and the prices are good so if you’re on a budget eat in. The three of us found a fantastic chapel where Chris recited one of his compositions on the piano much to the pleasure of the locals. Pete and I talked to the woman who looked after the chapel. She was rightly proud of Saint Laurent chapel. It is a modern wooden design that hosts Christmas concerts with its innovative architecture and acoustic resonance. The chapel bell has its own structure outside of the chapel, an innovative design. We went in March and the temperature varied from -32 to -46. Our log-cabin had under-floor heating and a great log burner, so we were more than comfortable. It even had a clothing and ski boot warmer.

Airbrush Troubleshooting Airbrushing comes with some inherent issues, these problems and troubleshooting them vary and can be experienced at any time no matter how experienced the user, here are a few. Bubbling in the gravity cup or suction bottle. ​ Can be caused by air pressure entering the paint reservoir. There are several reasons, most common are. ​ An air leak in the air cap or nozzle area. Solution – Tighten the loose Air Cap or Head. ​ Needle tip dry is dry and has blocked the nozzle. Solution - Clean or Replace the Tip Dry or Blocked Nozzle. ​ The air cap or head is loose. Solution – Replace worn or damaged nozzle seal. ​ The airbrush nozzle has a split. Solution – Replace the Split Nozzle. The spray pattern is off-centre . ​ Normally caused by a bent needle tip. The paint or fluid exits the airbrush and follows the bend on the tip of the needle. ​ Straighten the Needle Tip – This can be achieved with a flat sharpening stone or two pieces of 1” x 2” wood. I use a SharpenAir , which is a hand-held device designed specifically for repairing bent and damaged airbrush fluid needles. ​ Replace the Needle. Airbrush does not spray paint. ​ There are a few that can cause this, the most common are. A blocked nozzle often caused by poor cleaning. The solution for a Blocked Nozzle is to soak and clean the nozzle. ​ For a loose needle chucking nut when the needle is not moving with the trigger action. Solution - Check and tighten the needle chucking or locking the nut. ​ The paint consistency is too thick. Solution - Thin paint with appropriate thinner, reducer, water to a milky consistency. ​ Inappropriate low air pressure. Sometimes the paint can be slightly too thick, and the pressure is too low to atomize. Increase the air pressure accordingly. Airbrush sprays paint when the trigger is depressed for air. Caused because the needle is not sitting flush inside the nozzle or you have the wrong nozzle attached for the size of the needle. Otherwise, if the airbrush only sprays a blob of paint when the trigger is depressed then follow the Air On – Air Off method - first depress the trigger, then pull the trigger back for paint flow and then after spraying return the trigger forward before releasing the trigger/airflow. Shutting the paint flow off before the airflow will spray any residue paint off the tip of the needle. ​ Unscrew the needle locking nut. ​ Gradually push the needle forward until it rests inside the nozzle. ​ Tighten the needle-locking nut. Air pressure remains on when the trigger is released. Often due to many several reasons, like residue paint or solvents entering the air valve and affecting the air valve seal to swell or become sticky. A slack air valve closure or guide screw will not compress the air valve spring enough to fully return and shut off airflow. Disassemble internal air valve components and lubricate with airbrush lube and re-assemble. ​ Replace air valve seals if they appear eroded by solvents. ​ Tightening the air valve closure or guide screw will compress the air valve spring and shut off airflow. Poor spray or splattering of paint. There are several reasons, ranging from. Paint consistency. Solution - Reduce to a milky consistency. ​ Low air pressure. Increase air pressure until paint atomizes. ​ Damaged needle. Replace needle or repair using the SharpenAir device. ​ Tip dry or a partially blocked nozzle. Remove the needle and clean with a Q-Tip or cloth dampened using an airbrush cleaner (always wipe away, airbrush needles are very sharp). ​ Residue paint build-up in the needle cap, nozzle, or air cap. Clean and replace if indicated. Spray Spidering. Often caused if the paint has been over-thinned. Solution 1 - Add paint to the mix or reduce air pressure. ​ Solution 2 - Do not draw the trigger back so far or increase the distance from the surface. ​ Also, caused by spraying the paint too heavily on a non-porous surface. Solution - having the air pressure too high. Solution - Add paint to the mix or reduce air pressure.